Dam engineering: identify the possible failure modes of a masonry dam Consider a gravity or masonry dam resting on soil or rock foundation. Assess the typical structural failure modes that may cause distress or collapse. Choose the correct comprehensive statement.
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ADevelopment of tensile stresses in the masonry or at the dam–base interface
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BOverturning of the dam about the downstream toe due to excessive moments
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CCrushing (excessive compressive stress) of masonry at the base of the dam
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DAny one of the above mechanisms depending on loading and design inadequacy
Answer
Correct Answer: Any one of the above mechanisms depending on loading and design inadequacy
Explanation
Given/ContextMasonry (gravity) dams resist water pressure by their self-weight. Failure may occur if stresses exceed permissible limits or if stability criteria are not met.
Concept/ApproachPrimary structural failure modes include: (i) tension in masonry or at the base (cracking); (ii) overturning when the resultant passes outside the kern; (iii) crushing of masonry at the toe/heel when compressive stress exceeds allowable.
ExplanationDesign checks limit tensile/compressive stresses and ensure the resultant stays within the middle third. If any check fails, a corresponding failure mode can occur.
Final AnswerAny one of the above mechanisms depending on loading and design inadequacy.