Magnetic flux direction inside a magnet: Within the body of a permanent magnet, does magnetic flux go from the north pole to the south pole, or in the opposite internal direction?

Introduction / Context:
Field-line conventions help visualize magnetic circuits in transformers, motors, and sensors. While external flux lines are often drawn from north to south, the internal path within the magnet itself is opposite, completing a closed loop through the magnetic material and the surrounding space (the magnetic circuit).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The statement claims that inside the magnet, flux flows from the north pole to the south pole.
• We consider a standard bar magnet in free space.
• We use the conventional direction of field lines.

Concept / Approach:
Conventional magnetic field-line representation: outside the magnet, lines emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole. Inside the magnet, lines continue from the south pole back to the north pole, forming closed loops. Thus, internal direction is south to north, the opposite of the external direction. This is consistent with the idea that magnetic flux has no beginning or end; it forms continuous closed paths.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Visualize with iron filings or use a simulator: the pattern consistently shows external north-to-south and internal south-to-north, closing the loop through the magnet’s body.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Claiming correctness reverses the internal path. Magnet length, electromagnet vs. permanent magnet, or air gaps do not change the fundamental loop direction.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming the external direction applies everywhere, ignoring the requirement that magnetic field lines are continuous within a magnetic circuit.

Final Answer:
Incorrect