Critical Reasoning (Assumptions) Statement: Without reforming the entire administrative system, we cannot eradicate corruption and prejudice from society. Which assumptions are implicit?

Introduction / Context:
This item examines the hidden beliefs behind a policy claim that comprehensive administrative reform is necessary to eradicate corruption and prejudice. Determine which assumptions the author must hold for the statement to be meaningful.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I: The existence of corruption and prejudice is good.
• II: There is enough flexibility to change (reform) the administrative system.

Concept / Approach:
An implicit assumption must be something that the author believes to be true to justify the recommendation. It cannot contradict the stated intention and should be necessary for the recommendation's feasibility or relevance.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) The author wants to eradicate corruption and prejudice, clearly viewing them as undesirable. So assumption I (that their existence is good) clashes with the statement's goal and cannot be implicit.2) The recommendation presumes reform is possible; otherwise the prescription is pointless. Thus, the system can indeed be changed or has sufficient flexibility (assumption II).3) If assumption II were false (system cannot be reformed), the statement loses practical value.

Verification / Alternative check:
Negate assumption II: 'There is no flexibility to reform.' Then the statement becomes unrealistic. Negate assumption I: 'Corruption and prejudice are bad.' This aligns with the statement, so I is not an assumption but a consistent belief and certainly not 'existence is good.'

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Only I is implicit / Both: I contradicts the goal.
• Either I or II: Only II is necessary.
• Neither: II is required for feasibility.

Common Pitfalls:
Do not confuse a value judgment expressed or implied by the statement (that corruption is bad) with the absurd contrary assumption offered as a distractor. Always test by negation to see which assumption is indispensable.

Final Answer:
Only assumption II is implicit