Critical Reasoning (Assumptions) Letter to candidates for a written exam: 'You have to bear your expenses on travel, etc.' Which assumptions are implicit?

Introduction / Context:
The organizer clarifies that candidates must pay their own travel expenses. We must determine which background beliefs make this clarification necessary.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I: If not clarified, all candidates may claim reimbursement of expenses.
• II: Many organizations reimburse travel expenses to candidates called for written examinations.

Concept / Approach:
An assumption is needed if, without it, the sentence would be redundant or pointless. Clarification is useful when there is a risk of misunderstanding or contrary expectation.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) The line is included to prevent claims for reimbursement. Hence assumption I (a risk of such claims) must be true.2) While II may explain why candidates might expect reimbursement (industry practice), it is not strictly necessary; even if few organizations reimburse, some candidates could still claim. The organizer need only assume a risk of claims, not a widespread norm.3) Therefore, only I is indispensable.

Verification / Alternative check:
Negate I: 'No candidate would claim reimbursement.' Then the sentence is needless. Negate II: 'Few organizations reimburse.' The sentence may still be necessary to avoid even sporadic claims.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Only II / Both / Either: II is explanatory but not required.
• Neither: I clearly underpins the need for clarification.

Common Pitfalls:
Avoid assuming that an industry-wide practice must exist to justify a disclaimer; the organizer’s concern is preventing claims in this specific process.

Final Answer:
Only assumption I is implicit