Critical Reasoning — Assumptions Instruction to invigilators: “Those appearing for this examination for the first time should be helped in filling up the form.” Assumptions under test: I. The application form is somewhat complicated. II. Candidates can appear more than once for this examination.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: Both I and II are implicit

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
An instruction asks staff to assist first-time candidates with form filling. We must uncover the necessary premises supporting this directive. Typically, help is mandated when (1) the task is not trivial, and (2) the category “first time” is meaningful (repeat appearances exist).


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Instruction: Help first-timers fill the form.
  • Assumption I: The form is complex enough to warrant help.
  • Assumption II: The exam permits multiple attempts; therefore “first time” identifies a subgroup.


Concept / Approach:

  • A directive to help implies anticipated difficulty for that group.
  • Referring to “first time” implies repeatability of attempts.


Step-by-Step Solution:

Assess I: If the form were trivial, a blanket instruction to assist newcomers is unnecessary. Hence I is implicit.Assess II: The phrase “first time” has significance only if a candidate can appear more than once. Hence II is implicit.


Verification / Alternative check:

Remove I: The instruction appears redundant.Remove II: The category “first time” would be meaningless. Therefore both are required.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Only I or only II — incomplete depiction of the premises supporting the directive.Either / Neither — inconsistent with the language used.


Common Pitfalls:

Overlooking how administrative instructions reveal complexity and repeatability assumptions.


Final Answer:

Both I and II are implicit

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