Word-association and essential-relationship reasoning: choose the option most fundamentally linked to the activity 'swimming' (analyze necessity vs. accessories for the sport)

Given data

• Target word: swimming.
• Options: pool, bathing suit, water, life jacket, goggles.

Concept/Approach (why this method)

Use an essential vs. incidental test: an essential item must be present for the activity to occur in its basic form; accessories or contexts are helpful but not strictly required.

Step-by-Step reasoning
1) Water is the medium in which swimming takes place; without water, swimming is impossible.2) A pool is merely one location containing water; people can swim in lakes/oceans too.3) A bathing suit, life jacket, or goggles are accessories; swimmers can (and often do) swim without them.4) Therefore, the unique necessary element is water.

Verification/Alternative

Replace the venue: ocean, lake, river — activity persists. Remove water: activity cannot occur. This confirms the choice.

Common pitfalls

• Choosing a common venue (pool) rather than the essential medium (water).
• Confusing safety gear or attire with necessity.

Final Answer
water