According to the Census 2011 data, which of the following is the least populated state in India?

Introduction / Context:
Population based questions are very common in Indian geography and polity exams. They test whether you remember which states are large or small in terms of population, which helps in understanding resource distribution, representation and development challenges. This question specifically refers to the Census 2011 data and asks for the least populated state in India among the options.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The reference point is the Census 2011 population data. • The options include Sikkim and several larger states like Bihar and Maharashtra. • Union territories are not part of the options, so we focus only on states.

Concept / Approach:
The basic approach is to compare the general population sizes of the given states. Sikkim is a small Himalayan state with a relatively low population, while Bihar and Maharashtra are among the most populous states in India. Kerala and Haryana also have significantly higher populations than Sikkim. By recalling approximate rankings, we can confidently identify Sikkim as the least populated state among the choices.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Remember that according to Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state, followed by Maharashtra and Bihar. Step 2: Sikkim is a small state in the eastern Himalayas, known for its limited population and high literacy, and is often cited as the least populated state. Step 3: Kerala has a dense population and is not among the smallest in population terms. Step 4: Bihar and Maharashtra are both heavily populated and clearly cannot be the least populated states. Step 5: Haryana, though smaller than some, still has more people than Sikkim. Therefore Sikkim must be the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can cross check from standard Census tables or summaries that Sikkim appears at the bottom of the list for population among Indian states. Exam preparation books often highlight this with simple facts such as largest state by population and smallest state by population. When you recall such pairs, Sikkim naturally stands out as the least populated state.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Kerala: Has a high population density and a substantial total population. Bihar: One of the top three most populous states in India. Maharashtra: Also among the most populous states and includes major cities like Mumbai. Haryana: Though smaller in area, it still has much more population than tiny Sikkim.

Common Pitfalls:
Learners sometimes confuse smallest area with smallest population and may think of states like Goa. Others forget that the question refers to states and not union territories, which eliminates places like Lakshadweep. To avoid confusion, remember separate lists for area and population and always note whether the exam is asking about states only or including union territories.

Final Answer:
As per Census 2011, the least populated state in India is Sikkim.