IRNA, PTI, and Xinhua (often misheard as “Xin-Era”) are well-known information organizations. They are best described as:

Introduction / Context:
General knowledge analogies often test recognition of institutions by function. IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran), PTI (Press Trust of India), and Xinhua (China’s state news agency) are not newspapers or broadcasters but wire services/news agencies that gather and distribute news to media outlets worldwide.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• IRNA, PTI, Xinhua are internationally cited sources.
• They primarily collect, verify, and disseminate news to other media.
• They are not retail publications (newspapers) nor hardware firms.

Concept / Approach:
Choose the functional category that covers all three organizations. “News agencies” fits precisely, maintaining the analogy “named entities → shared institutional type”. Newspapers are end publications; agencies supply content to many publications and channels.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Cross-check examples: PTI dispatches stories to Indian outlets; Xinhua to global partners; IRNA covers Iranian and regional news for syndication. None print a daily newspaper as their core identity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Newspapers / publishing houses / TV channels: Incorrect media layer.
• Computer manufacturers: Irrelevant industry.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating a famous news “brand” with the output medium (paper/TV) instead of the upstream agency model.

Final Answer:
They are news agencies