Breaking down inventory lead time: In materials management, inventory lead time is commonly decomposed into which detailed stages to improve planning and control?

Introduction / Context:
Lead time is the elapsed time from recognizing a replenishment need to having usable stock on hand. Decomposing it helps pinpoint delays and optimize safety stocks, reorder points, and service levels.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We consider a typical reorder cycle in a periodic or continuous review system.
• Stages include planning and administrative time, production or supplier time, and inbound logistics/receiving time.
• The most complete decomposition should be chosen.

Concept / Approach:
A comprehensive breakdown includes: review (detecting need and authorizations), order (creation and approval), manufacturing or purchasing (make or supplier lead time), and receiving (transport, inspection, put-away). Capturing each stage enables more accurate reorder point calculations.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List stages from need recognition to availability.Validate that the chosen option includes all four stages.Select the most detailed decomposition: review, order, make/buy, receiving.

Verification / Alternative check:
Inventory control formulas often separate administrative lead time (review + order) from supply lead time (make/buy + receiving) for analysis.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• order, manufacturing/purchasing, and receiving: Omits the review step, which adds non-trivial time.
• order, receiving: Too coarse; excludes make/buy time.
• All/None: Incorrect as a single best decomposition exists here.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring review and approval delays, which can dominate lead time variability; not separating supplier lead time from internal receiving and QA time.

Final Answer:
review, order, manufacturing or purchasing, and receiving