Scope of MIS: an MIS can include operational and tactical support, decision support, and automated _____ subsystems. Fill in the most appropriate term.

Introduction / Context:
Management Information Systems (MIS) span multiple layers: operational/tactical reporting, decision support for analysis, and productivity platforms that automate routine clerical and communication tasks. The last category is traditionally called Office Automation Systems (OAS), which streamline document creation, scheduling, messaging, and collaboration.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The blank is preceded by “automated,” suggesting a standard term from MIS curricula.
• “Office automation” is a canonical label for subsystems that handle clerical and knowledge worker tasks.
• Other choices are generic nouns that do not match the established phrase.

Concept / Approach:
Office automation subsystems include email, word processing, spreadsheets, scheduling, imaging, and workflow tools. They enhance individual and team productivity and integrate with transactional and decision-support layers to form a comprehensive MIS stack aligned with how organizations actually work day to day.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
MIS textbooks consistently present operational/tactical support, decision support, and office automation as major subsystems within the overall information environment.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Center/body/area: do not complete a recognized MIS term.
• None: incorrect because “office” yields a standard phrase used in the field.

Common Pitfalls:
Forgetting that productivity tools and workflows are core pieces of MIS, not just “nice to have” add-ons.

Final Answer:
office