Classification – Indian capitals: three options are capitals of Indian states; one is the capital of a Union Territory. Identify the odd one out. Options: Dispur, Panaji, Shimla, Leh.

Introduction / Context:
Capital-place classification questions often contrast similar labels across different administrative levels. Here, three names are capitals of Indian states, while one belongs to a Union Territory, creating a natural outlier.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Dispur is the capital of Assam (state).
• Panaji is the capital of Goa (state).
• Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh (state).
• Leh serves as the capital/administrative headquarters for Ladakh, a Union Territory.

Concept / Approach:
Group each option by the administrative category it represents: state capital vs Union Territory capital/headquarters. The single item that does not match the majority category is the odd one out.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify Dispur → state capital.Identify Panaji → state capital.Identify Shimla → state capital.Identify Leh → Union Territory capital (Ladakh).

Verification / Alternative check:
Cross-check standard Indian civics references: Assam, Goa, and Himachal Pradesh are states; Ladakh is a Union Territory, with Leh as its administrative capital.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Dispur, Panaji, Shimla: All are capitals of states, so they form the majority cluster.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing Union Territories with states, or mixing older state-capital changes; ensure you rely on the post-reorganization status of Ladakh.

Final Answer:
Leh