X and Y are brothers, and R is the father of Y. T is the sister of S, and S is the maternal uncle of X. How is T related to R?

Introduction / Context:
This question combines the concepts of maternal uncle and sibling relationships to ask for the relation between a woman T and a man R. The twist is that the exact relationship (sister in law) is not obvious from the initial options unless you carefully track who is related to whom and through which parent. Such puzzles are common in reasoning tests and require clear thinking about maternal and paternal sides.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• X and Y are brothers, so they share the same parents.
• R is the father of Y and hence also the father of X.
• S is the maternal uncle of X, so S is the brother of X's mother.
• T is the sister of S, so T is also a sibling of X's mother.
• We assume standard family structure without extra hidden links.

Concept / Approach:
If S is the maternal uncle of X, then S is the brother of X's mother. Therefore, X's mother and S share parents. T is the sister of S, so T is also a child of those same parents. That makes T another sibling of X's mother. In other words, T is the sister of R's wife. The sister of a man's wife is his sister in law. Therefore, T is related to R as his sister in law. The problem is aimed at checking whether you can see that T and R are related through R's wife, not directly through blood.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: From X and Y are brothers and R is the father of Y, conclude that R is the father of both X and Y.Step 2: Since S is the maternal uncle of X, S is the brother of X's mother.Step 3: T is the sister of S, so T is also a sibling of X's mother.Step 4: Therefore, T is the sister of R's wife (who is the mother of X and Y).Step 5: A sister of one's wife is called a sister in law.

Verification / Alternative check:
Draw the family: R is married to M, the mother of X and Y. M has two siblings, S and T. S is explicitly given as the maternal uncle, which fits the role of brother of the mother. T is then the maternal aunt, sister of the mother. From R's perspective, M is his wife and T is his wife's sister. There is no consistent way to reinterpret T as R's mother, wife, sister or grandmother while still satisfying the statements that S is maternal uncle and that T is S's sister.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Mother would require T to be one generation above R, which contradicts T being a sibling of R's wife.Wife is impossible, because R already has a wife who is the mother of X and Y.Sister would require T and R to share parents, which is not stated.Grandmother is wrong both generationally and structurally.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners try to shortcut the logic and label T as grandmother or sister based simply on age guesses, which is not allowed in such puzzles. Another common mistake is to ignore the word maternal and treat S as a paternal uncle, which would completely change the structure. Always anchor maternal uncle to the mother's side and then track siblings from there to get correct in law relations.

Final Answer:
T is related to R as his Sister-in-law.