P is the brother of D, X is the sister of P, A is the brother of F, F is the daughter of D and M is the father of X. Who is the uncle of A?

Introduction / Context:
This question involves identifying the uncle of A by connecting siblings and parent child relations. It is a typical reasoning puzzle where several family members and their roles are given, and you must find which male relative is an uncle of a specific person. Working carefully through parent links is essential to avoid mixing up generations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• P is the brother of D, so P and D are siblings.
• X is the sister of P, so X is also a sibling of D.
• F is the daughter of D.
• A is the brother of F, so A is also a child of D and is male.
• M is the father of X, which makes him also the father of P and D if we assume they share the same parents.

Concept / Approach:
If F is the daughter of D and A is the brother of F, then A and F are children of D. D's siblings are P and X. An uncle of A is defined as a brother of one of A's parents. Since D is a parent of A, and P is a brother of D, P is the uncle of A. X is an aunt of A, M is a grandfather of A and F is A's sister, so none of these fit the uncle role. Therefore, P is uniquely the uncle of A among the given options.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: From P is the brother of D and X is the sister of P, infer that P, D and X are siblings.Step 2: F is the daughter of D, and A is the brother of F. So A and F are both children of D.Step 3: Since A is a child of D, any brother of D is an uncle of A.Step 4: P is a brother of D, so P is an uncle of A.Step 5: X is a sister of D, so she is an aunt of A, not an uncle.Step 6: M is the father of D and therefore is a grandfather of A, not an uncle.

Verification / Alternative check:
Visualise the tree: at the top, M is the parent of P, D and X. D is the parent of F and A. That makes P and X siblings of A's parent D. A's male sibling of the parent is P (the brother of D), and A's female sibling of the parent is X. The male sibling becomes the uncle, the female sibling becomes the aunt. This matches all the given relations and leaves no ambiguity about who is the uncle of A.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
X is female and is an aunt of A, not an uncle.F is A's sister and is in the same generation, not an uncle.M is a generation above D and thus a grandfather, not an uncle.D is A's parent, which also is not an uncle.

Common Pitfalls:
Some students see M described as father and quickly choose him as an older male relative without checking the generation difference. Others forget that an uncle must be a sibling of a parent, not a grandparent or cousin. Drawing a simple family tree is the best defense against these mistakes and makes the logic of uncle and aunt relations very clear.

Final Answer:
The uncle of A is P.