Plant ecology: Classify plants that develop under dry (arid) environmental conditions. Full question: Plants adapted to and developing in dry conditions are referred to by which term? Choose the correct option.

Difficulty: Easy

Xerophytes
Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Halophytes
Psammophytes

Correct Answer: Xerophytes

Explanation:

Concept
Xerophytes (e.g., cacti, some succulents) are adapted to water scarcity via features like thick cuticles, reduced leaves, CAM photosynthesis, and deep or widespread roots.

Contrast
Mesophytes → moderate moisture; hydrophytes → aquatic; halophytes → saline; psammophytes → sandy soils.

Final Answer
Xerophytes.

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