Character of fresh domestic sewage: Freshly produced municipal sewage (before significant decomposition) is generally…

Introduction / Context:
Sewage quality changes with time. Recognizing the characteristics of “fresh” sewage versus “stale” or septic sewage is important for process selection and odor control. The initial pH and odor profile indicate the biological state of the wastewater.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Domestic sewage with minimal travel time in the collection system.
• No significant industrial acidic discharges.

Concept / Approach:
Fresh sewage typically has a slightly alkaline pH (often above 7), mild odor, and higher dissolved oxygen. As it becomes stale, bacterial activity consumes oxygen, producing acids and gases (H2S), lowering pH, and creating strong odors. Therefore, “fresh” correlates with “alkaline” rather than “acidic” or “highly decomposed.”

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the state: “fresh” (short residence time, limited decomposition).Relate to pH: slightly alkaline due to bicarbonate alkalinity and minimal acid formation so far.Select “Alkaline in reaction”.

Verification / Alternative check:
Field sampling commonly shows pH above 7 for fresh domestic sewage; septic conditions can drive pH downward and increase sulfide-related odors.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Acidic: More characteristic of stale/septic wastewater or specific industrial inputs.Highly decomposed/strong odor: Describes aged or septic sewage, not fresh.Neutral in all cases: Not accurate; typical domestic sewage is slightly alkaline.

Common Pitfalls:

• Assuming all sewage smells strongly; fresh flows may have mild odor only.
• Ignoring industrial contributions which can alter pH; the question states “generally.”

Final Answer:
Alkaline in reaction