The Hindustan Republican Association, later renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or Army (HSRA) in 1928, was originally founded in 1924 by which revolutionary leader?

Introduction / Context:
The Hindustan Republican Association, later reorganised as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or Army (HSRA), was one of the most important revolutionary organisations in the north Indian phase of the freedom struggle. It carried out armed actions such as the Kakori train robbery and inspired many young revolutionaries. This question focuses on the organisation s origin by asking who founded it in 1924.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The association in question is the Hindustan Republican Association, HRA.
• It was founded in 1924 and later became the HSRA.
• Options list Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Jogesh Chandra Chatterji, and Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

Concept / Approach:
The HRA was founded in 1924 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal along with other revolutionaries such as Ram Prasad Bismil and Jogesh Chandra Chatterji. Sachindra Nath Sanyal is often credited as the main founder and ideological architect of the organisation, and he authored its manifesto. Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad joined later and played leading roles after it evolved into the HSRA. Therefore, we must distinguish between the original founder and later prominent members.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the HRA was set up in 1924 as a revolutionary body committed to overthrowing British rule by armed struggle. Step 2: Remember that Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil, and others were involved in its formation. Step 3: Note that Sanyal authored the HRA manifesto, which outlines its objectives and methods. Step 4: Identify that Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad became leading figures later when the HRA transformed into the HSRA around 1928. Step 5: Recognise that Jogesh Chandra Chatterji was a key associate but is not as widely identified as the principal founder as Sanyal is. Step 6: Conclude that the organisation was founded in 1924 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

Verification / Alternative check:
Modern history texts dealing with revolutionary movements indicate that Sanyal was the driving force behind the formation of the HRA and that his manifesto set its ideological tone. Bhagat Singh s own writings show that he joined and reshaped an already existing organisation into the HSRA.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad are central to the later HSRA phase but did not found the HRA in 1924. Jogesh Chandra Chatterji was involved but is not commonly named as the principal founder and leading ideologue, a role attributed to Sanyal.

Common Pitfalls:
Because Bhagat Singh and Azad are more famous, learners sometimes assume that they founded every revolutionary body they joined. It is important to separate the founding phase of an organisation from its later leadership.

Final Answer:
The Hindustan Republican Association was founded in 1924 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.