In which academic field did Professor Malcolm Adiseshiah earn worldwide distinction and recognition?

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your awareness of prominent Indian academics and intellectuals who have gained global recognition for their contributions. Professor Malcolm Adiseshiah is often mentioned in the context of development studies and international organizations, so knowing his main field is useful for general studies and competitive exams.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The person in question is Professor Malcolm Adiseshiah.
• He earned worldwide distinction.
• Four possible academic or professional fields are offered: Literature, Medicine, Economics, and Nuclear physics.

Concept / Approach:
The right approach is to associate each famous name with the field in which that person is most often cited in books, articles, reports, and exam material. Professor Malcolm Adiseshiah is strongly linked with international development, planning, and work with UNESCO, which are typically rooted in economics and development economics.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Malcolm Adiseshiah served as a senior functionary in UNESCO and later became known for his work on development economics and education planning.Step 2: His work involved economic development, planning, poverty reduction, and educational expansion in developing countries.Step 3: He is not widely known for literary works, medical practice, or contributions to nuclear physics, so those options are inconsistent with his main profile.Step 4: Therefore, his recognized field of distinction is Economics, particularly development economics.

Verification / Alternative check:
If you look at awards, positions, and institutions associated with Malcolm Adiseshiah, you will find references to economic research, planning, and development studies. Institutions such as the Malcolm and Elizabeth Adiseshiah Trust focus on social sciences and development, reinforcing his association with Economics.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Literature: There is no major record of him as a novelist, poet, or literary critic on par with noted literary figures.Medicine: He did not gain fame as a doctor, surgeon, or medical researcher.Nuclear physics: He was not a physicist nor associated with nuclear research institutions.

Common Pitfalls:
Some students simply guess based on which option sounds familiar or prestigious, rather than recalling specific biographical details.Another mistake is to confuse Malcolm Adiseshiah with other well known scientists or literary figures because of partial name recognition.

Final Answer:
Professor Malcolm Adiseshiah earned worldwide distinction in the field of Economics.