Highway organization: Under whose direct control does the Executive Engineer (Roads) execute works in a typical PWD hierarchy?

Introduction / Context:
Public Works Department (PWD) organizations generally follow a hierarchical structure for planning, sanctioning, and executing highway works. Understanding reporting lines is essential for contract administration, approvals, and escalation of technical issues.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Typical PWD chain of command.
• Executive Engineer (EE) is the field officer responsible for execution.
• Superintending Engineer (SE) oversees a circle consisting of multiple divisions.

Concept / Approach:

In the standard hierarchy, the Chief Engineer provides statewide technical leadership and policy, the Superintending Engineer supervises several Executive Engineers, and each EE heads a division and executes works through Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers. Secretaries to Government handle policy and finance, not the direct day-to-day control of execution by an EE.

Step-by-Step Reasoning:

Verification / Alternative check:

Standard PWD manuals and organizational charts across states reflect this chain: CE → SE → EE → AE → JE, with sanctioned powers and responsibilities defined at each level.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Secretary to Government: policy/administrative head, not direct field control.
• Chief Engineer: heads zones/branches but does not directly supervise each division’s daily execution.
• “None of these” and “District Collector”: do not represent the direct technical control line for execution.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing sanctioning authority with day-to-day operational control.

Final Answer:

Superintending Engineer.