Even parity evaluation: In an even-parity system, determine whether the data word 1010011 should generate a parity bit of 1.

Introduction / Context:
Parity bits are simple error-detection mechanisms. In an even-parity scheme, the parity bit is chosen so that the total number of 1s (data bits + parity bit) is even. Correctly determining the parity bit is essential for reliable data transmission and memory integrity checks.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Parity type: even parity.
• Data word: 1010011 (7 bits).
• No special ordering or markers; count literal 1s in the data.

Concept / Approach:
Count the number of 1s in the data. If the count is already even, the parity bit must be 0 to keep the total even. If the count is odd, the parity bit must be 1 to make the total even. This rule applies regardless of bit positions or endianness.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Append parity 0 to obtain 10100110: number of 1s remains 4 (even). If we appended 1, the number of 1s would be 5 (odd), violating even parity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Correct” would imply an odd total of 1s is acceptable for even parity. References to odd parity or MSB position do not apply, because parity concerns only the count of 1s, not their positions.

Common Pitfalls:
Miscounting bits; confusing even and odd parity rules; assuming parity depends on which bit is the most significant.

Final Answer:
Incorrect