APPLE launch site: On 19 June 1981, India’s APPLE experimental communication satellite was injected into orbit by the European Space Agency from which launch site?

Introduction / Context:
Launch site awareness is a common factual check in satellite communications history. APPLE’s launch on Ariane established India’s first successful geostationary experimental communications mission.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Date: 19 June 1981.
• Launcher: Ariane provided by the European Space Agency.
• Standard Ariane launch base: Guiana Space Centre, Kourou.

Concept / Approach:

Since Ariane’s primary launch base is Kourou (French Guiana), that is the correct site for the APPLE launch. The other listed options are well-known locations but not the site for this mission.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Multiple authoritative mission summaries cite Kourou as the APPLE launch site.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Cape Canaveral is primarily for U.S. launches.
• Carnarvon is not an Ariane launch site.
• Bengaluru is not a launch site; it houses major ISRO centers but not the launch base for Ariane.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing satellite operations centers in India with overseas launch bases.

Final Answer:

Kourou, French Guiana