Indian space history (APPLE): Identify the false statement about India’s first geostationary experimental communication satellite program (APPLE). Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the experience India gained from the mission?
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ABuilding, for the first time, a body-stabilized geosynchronous communication satellite with its own apogee propulsion and control systems
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BAttitude control and station-keeping management for a geostationary satellite
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CBuilding the Ariane launch vehicle used to put APPLE in orbit
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DConducting domestic communications on an experimental basis
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E—
Answer
Correct Answer: Building the Ariane launch vehicle used to put APPLE in orbit
Explanation
Introduction / Context:APPLE (Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment) marked a pivotal milestone for India’s early geostationary communication satellite capability. This question tests recognition of what India actually did versus what was provided by international partners during the mission.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- APPLE was launched in 1981 using the European Ariane launcher.
- APPLES’s objectives included in-orbit experiments for communication and operational learning.
- India gained experience in satellite bus subsystems and geostationary operations, not in building Ariane rockets.
Concept / Approach:
To identify the false claim, recall the division of responsibilities: India developed the experimental communication satellite and operating know-how; the European Space Agency supplied launch services with Ariane from Kourou. Therefore, any statement claiming India built the Ariane rocket is patently incorrect.
Step-by-Step Solution:
List the mission activities attributed to India (satellite development, AOCS, station-keeping, experiments).Check which item belongs to a foreign partner (Ariane launcher by ESA/Arianespace).Conclude that claiming India built Ariane is false.Verification / Alternative check:
Official histories and textbooks consistently state ESA’s Ariane was used for APPLE’s launch; India did not build Ariane.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Body-stabilized satellite with propulsion/control, attitude/station-keeping, and experimental domestic communications all align with mission learning objectives and in-orbit experiments.
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming launch services equate to building the launcher. Launch provision and spacecraft development are separate domains.
Final Answer:
Building the Ariane launch vehicle used to put APPLE in orbit