During the System Study phase of an information systems project, the executive vice-president and senior managers primarily exercise which responsibility?

Introduction / Context:
Governance and leadership roles vary across project phases. In the System Study phase, executives set direction, scope, and constraints that guide analysts in their investigation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Phase: System Study (preliminary analysis/feasibility).
• Executives provide vision, priorities, budget boundaries, and risk appetite.

Concept / Approach:
Planning is the managerial function focused on defining goals, choosing strategies, and allocating resources. At this early stage, leadership articulates the business case and success criteria that the study must validate.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Project charters and steering-committee minutes typically originate in this period, reflecting planning decisions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Controlling and directing intensify during execution; organizing concerns staffing and structures but follows from the plan.

Common Pitfalls:
Skipping executive planning leads to scope creep, unclear priorities, and rework during design or implementation.

Final Answer:
planning