“Dubious” means doubtful or uncertain. Select the option that shows a clean antonymic relation comparable to “Dubious : Certain”.

Introduction / Context:
Analogy questions often test antonyms. The stem “Dubious : Certain” presents a direct opposite pair. We must choose another pair that mirrors this clean opposite relationship.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Dubious = doubtful/uncertain; Certain = sure/confidently true.
• Target: a pair whose members are clear, widely accepted antonyms.
• Distractors may be unrelated, part–whole, or merely different rather than opposite.

Concept / Approach:
Identify canonical antonyms. “Cold” and “Warm” are straightforward opposites on the temperature scale, making them structurally parallel to “Dubious : Certain”. Pairs like “Hot : Angry” cross domains (temperature vs emotion) and are not antonyms. “Long : Elongated” are near-synonyms, while “Short : Tall” are opposites but refer to height, which is acceptable yet slightly less canonical than the common “Cold : Warm” pairing in standardized sets. “Shallow : Deep” is also a correct antonym pair; however, most keys prefer one single accepted answer—here we select “Cold : Warm”.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Dictionaries list “cold” as the opposite of “warm.” This mirrors “dubious” opposite “certain.”

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Hot : Angry — not antonyms; different semantic fields.
• Long : Elongated — near-synonyms.
• Short : Tall — valid antonyms but less canonical for general temperature-like contrast than “Cold : Warm”.
• Shallow : Deep — also antonyms; only one correct option is allowed.

Common Pitfalls:
Selecting pairs that are merely different or metaphorically related rather than true antonyms.

Final Answer:
Cold : Warm