In modeling and analytics, which term refers to using a model to identify and reflect the behavior of a real person, process, or system—often to test scenarios without impacting the real world?

Introduction / Context:
Organizations rely on models to explore "what-if" scenarios safely. By emulating real-world behavior in a controlled environment, leaders can evaluate policies, test capacity plans, or train personnel without risking production systems or customer experience.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A model stands in for a real system or agent.
• We wish to observe responses to inputs or disturbances.
• Fidelity can range from simple spreadsheets to discrete-event or agent-based simulations.

Concept / Approach:

Simulation reproduces system dynamics through equations, rules, or event logic. It supports experimentation under varied assumptions, sensitivity analysis, and risk assessment. Typical domains include supply chains, call centers, traffic systems, and behavioral training (human-in-the-loop). The goal is understanding and decision support without disrupting live operations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Methodological texts define simulation precisely as the imitation of a real-world process or system over time.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Plan/decision/master: Management artifacts, not the act of emulation.

None: Incorrect because simulation is the standard term.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing optimization with simulation; simulation evaluates scenarios, while optimization searches for best decisions, often using simulation as an evaluator.

Final Answer:

simulation