What is a major disadvantage of Random Access Memory (RAM) compared with nonvolatile memory?

Introduction / Context:
RAM is indispensable for fast, temporary data storage, but it has a key drawback compared to ROM, Flash, and other nonvolatile memories. Identifying this drawback is important in system design decisions, especially for data retention and boot strategies.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• RAM includes DRAM and SRAM categories.
• Nonvolatile memories retain data without continuous power.
• Speed is not the issue; RAM is faster than secondary storage.

Concept / Approach:
The defining limitation of RAM is volatility. When power is removed or drops below retention levels, the stored information disappears. DRAM also needs periodic refresh even while powered. Therefore, systems must reload working data and programs at power-up from nonvolatile storage.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Compare RAM to nonvolatile memory in terms of retention.Recognize that speed is a strength, not a weakness of RAM.Identify volatility as the major disadvantage that impacts persistence.Select the option that matches this core limitation.

Verification / Alternative check:
All computing platforms reload operating systems and applications into RAM at boot because RAM does not retain contents across power cycles.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A: RAM is fast; speed is not the disadvantage.Option B: Matrix size depends on design; not a general disadvantage.Option D: Power varies by type; not the principal drawback.Option E: RAM specifically supports random addressing; that is its advantage.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing RAM's need for refresh (DRAM) with nonvolatility. Even SRAM loses data without power, so the core issue is volatility across all RAM types.

Final Answer:
It is volatile (data is lost when power is removed)