In DRAM systems, the periodic recharging of memory cell capacitors is called what?

Introduction / Context:
Dynamic RAM stores data as charge on tiny capacitors that leak over time. To preserve data integrity, each row must be periodically accessed to restore the lost charge. This maintenance action has a standard name in memory design.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are discussing DRAM, not SRAM.
• Cells leak charge and require periodic maintenance within a specified interval.
• System memory controllers schedule maintenance cycles.

Concept / Approach:
Refreshing is the act of reading a DRAM row and writing it back to restore charge. Memory controllers issue refresh commands automatically at intervals (for example, all rows within 64 ms). The process is transparent to software but affects available bandwidth.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the storage mechanism (capacitive) and leakage problem.Define the maintenance operation: read and restore charge to the cells.Select the standard term used in datasheets and controller documentation: refreshing.

Verification / Alternative check:
DRAM timing specifications define refresh rates and retention times. Memory controllers expose settings such as refresh interval and count to guarantee data integrity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Multiplexing: relates to sharing lines (e.g., address bus), not charge restoration.Bootstrapping and flashing: unrelated; flashing refers to Flash memory erase/program.Parity rewriting: an error-detection feature, not routine DRAM maintenance.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing DRAM refresh with Flash memory operations. DRAM refresh is periodic and mandatory; Flash erase/program are infrequent maintenance or update operations.

Final Answer:
Refreshing