Base conversion — Convert the hexadecimal number 44 (base 16) to its decimal (base 10) value.

Introduction / Context:
Converting between numeral systems is routine in digital design. Hexadecimal is frequently used because two hex digits map neatly to one byte. Here, you must convert 0x44 to decimal using place-value weights of base 16.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Hex digits: 0–9, A–F, where A=10, B=11, …, F=15.
• Number: 44_hex = 416^1 + 416^0.
• 16^1 = 16 and 16^0 = 1.

Concept / Approach:
Apply positional weights. Each position in a base-16 number is a power of 16. Multiply each digit by its weight and sum the results to obtain the base-10 value.

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