Effect of water content on conductivity in electrical desalting\nIn a crude–water emulsion (about 3–8% water) inside an electrical desalter, electrical conductivity ______ as the water fraction increases.

Introduction / Context:
Electrical desalters use an applied field across a crude–water mixture. Conductivity governs current flow, field distribution, and droplet coalescence effectiveness.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Water is the conductive phase; crude is essentially insulating.
• Water cut varies in the 3–8% range.

Concept / Approach:
As the dispersed water fraction increases, more conductive pathways form, raising the bulk conductivity of the emulsion. This facilitates electrostatic coalescence until excessive water leads to short-circuiting risks. Therefore, within the normal range, conductivity increases with water content.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Desalter operation guidelines adjust voltage with water cut to maintain optimal current density and avoid arcing.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Decreasing or unchanged trends contradict the physics of two-phase conduction.

Common Pitfalls:
Over-watering the desalter can cause upsets; balance wash water for salt removal without electrical instability.

Final Answer:
Increases