Effect of noise in communication systems: In a typical communication system, noise is most likely to affect the signal at which point?

Introduction / Context:
Noise refers to unwanted random disturbances that interfere with the original signal. In communication theory, it is crucial to know where noise predominantly enters the system.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Communication system components: information source → transmitter → channel → receiver → destination.
• Noise is generally modeled as being added in the channel.

Concept / Approach:

The channel (wire, fiber, or wireless medium) is the most vulnerable stage where external interference, thermal agitation, and atmospheric effects introduce noise into the signal path.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Shannon's communication model explicitly defines noise as added in the channel.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Transmitter: introduces distortion, not random noise.
• Information source: source errors, not noise.
• Destination: errors are a result, not cause of noise.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing distortion (systematic) with random noise.

Final Answer:

In the channel