Transistor noise comparison: Transistors are effectively free from which of the following classical noise types?

Introduction / Context:
Different devices exhibit different dominant noise mechanisms. Recognizing which are characteristic of transistors versus passive resistors helps with low-noise circuit design and troubleshooting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We compare intrinsic device mechanisms: shot, flicker, partition, thermal (resistance) noise.
• 'Resistance noise' here refers to the Johnson–Nyquist noise of a discrete passive resistor.

Concept / Approach:

Bipolar and FET transistors exhibit shot noise (due to junction currents) and flicker noise (dominant at low frequency). Bipolars also show partition noise where current divides between junctions. Pure resistance (Johnson) noise is the hallmark of passive resistors; while transistors include internal base/emitter resistances that contribute thermal noise, the classic statement in basic MCQs is that 'transistors are free from resistance noise' as a primary device mechanism compared with resistors.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Noise modeling in transistor datasheets separates junction noise (shot, flicker) from external resistor thermal noise. Base spreading resistance contributes thermal noise but is modeled as an explicit resistor.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Partition, flicker, and shot noise are all characteristic of transistors.
• Avalanche noise appears during junction breakdown and can occur in semiconductors including transistors.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing intrinsic device noise with thermal noise of explicit resistors used around the device.

Final Answer:

Resistance (Johnson) noise (as a standalone component effect)