Troubleshooting digital circuits Which instrument is commonly used when diagnosing digital circuits in the lab or field?

Introduction / Context:
Practical troubleshooting of digital systems requires tools tailored to observe logic levels, timing, and stimulus/response behavior. Different instruments complement each other to provide a full picture.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Logic probe: indicates LOW/HIGH/pulse presence on a node.
• Oscilloscope: shows voltage versus time, timing, rise/fall, and noise.
• Pulser (signal injector): provides controlled stimuli to verify logic paths.

Concept / Approach:
No single tool solves every problem. A logic probe quickly checks states, an oscilloscope validates timing and integrity, and a pulser helps isolate faulty stages by injecting known signals.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List available instruments and their roles.Determine relevance: all are used routinely in digital fault-finding.Therefore, the inclusive choice is correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Service manuals and standard lab practices prescribe these tools for board bring-up and repair.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single device alone misses some diagnostic dimensions; the combined option is more accurate.

Common Pitfalls:
Relying solely on a multimeter in digital work; it lacks timing visibility crucial for clocked logic.

Final Answer:
all of the above