IC integration levels An integrated circuit that contains approximately 12 to 100 equivalent logic gates on one chip is classified as which level of integration?

Introduction / Context:
IC classification by integration level is a historical but still useful way to compare circuit complexity and packaging constraints. These categories appear in datasheets and textbooks.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Target complexity: roughly 12–100 equivalent gates.
• Standard categories: SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI.

Concept / Approach:
Small-Scale Integration (SSI) typically includes a handful of gates. Medium-Scale Integration (MSI) aggregates tens of gates (dozens). Large-Scale Integration (LSI) spans hundreds to thousands, and Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) covers tens of thousands to billions in modern contexts.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match range 12–100 gates → squarely within MSI.SSI is too small; LSI/VLSI are much larger.Therefore, classification is MSI.

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic TTL MSI families include counters, multiplexers, and adders—typically in the tens of gates range.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
SSI: generally 1–10 gates only.LSI and VLSI: exceed 100 gates by large margins.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming strict numeric boundaries; while approximate, 12–100 gates is conventionally MSI.

Final Answer:
MSI