Resistor color code interpretation – brown–black–red–gold A carbon film resistor shows color bands: brown (1), black (0), red (multiplier 10^2), gold (tolerance). What is the resistance value including tolerance?

Introduction / Context:
Color bands on resistors encode their nominal value and tolerance. Mastering the code enables quick identification in labs and field work without measuring each part. The standard four-band system uses two significant digits, a multiplier, and a tolerance band.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Band 1 (brown) = 1, Band 2 (black) = 0.
• Multiplier (red) = 10^2.
• Tolerance (gold) = ±5%.
• Assume standard E24 series conventions for four-band resistors.

Concept / Approach:

The first two bands form the significant figures; the third band scales them by the power of ten multiplier; the fourth band gives tolerance. Combining these yields the nominal resistance and permissible variation range.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Cross-check with standard tables: brown-black-red equals 1.0 kΩ; gold tolerance equals ±5% → range 950 Ω to 1050 Ω.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

100 Ω ignores the multiplier; 1000 Ω without tolerance omits key spec; ±10% corresponds to silver, not gold; 10 kΩ ± 5% would require orange or a different pattern.

Common Pitfalls:

Reading the bands in reverse (especially with five-band parts), confusing gold and silver meanings, or misplacing the multiplier band.

Final Answer:

1000 Ω ± 5%