Sequential logic fundamentals: In synchronous digital systems, clock signals are primarily used to _____ in different parts of the system.

Introduction / Context:
Clock signals are the heartbeat of synchronous digital electronics. They define when sequential elements (like flip-flops and registers) sample inputs and update outputs. Understanding the purpose of the clock is essential for timing closure, reliable data transfer, and correct state-machine operation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The system under discussion is synchronous (clocked).
• Clock edges coordinate the update of state elements.
• Clock lines are distinct from data and control signals.

Concept / Approach:
By distributing a periodic clock, designers ensure that all synchronous elements change state in a coordinated fashion on well-defined edges. This allows predictable timing, pipelining, and safe communication through registers. Clocks are not wall-clock timekeepers nor general serial data lines—although serial protocols may derive timing from dedicated clocks.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the role of the clock: coordinate state updates.Link clock edges to setup/hold timing for flip-flops.Conclude that the clock synchronizes events across the system.

Verification / Alternative check:
Timing diagrams show signals sampled on rising/falling clock edges; STA (static timing analysis) assumes synchronous boundaries tied to the clock.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(a) and (b) relate to real-time measurement, not digital synchronization. (c) A clock does not carry the serial payload; it may accompany or embed timing for serial links, but the clock’s primary role is synchronization.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing protocol clocks used for I/O with the system’s global synchronous clock; mixing data strobes with continuous clocks.

Final Answer:
to synchronize events in various parts of a system.