Sequential storage element definition: A flip-flop is a _____ element that stores a single binary digit (0 or 1) as a stable low or high voltage level.

Introduction / Context:
Flip-flops are the fundamental 1-bit storage elements in synchronous digital systems. They hold state information across clock cycles and form registers, counters, and state machines. Understanding that a flip-flop is a memory element clarifies its role versus purely combinational logic.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Flip-flops are edge-triggered or level-sensitive bistable circuits.
• They store one bit per element.
• Binary values are represented by distinct low/high voltage levels.

Concept / Approach:
A flip-flop has two stable states and preserves its output until changed by a control event (e.g., clock edge or set/reset). Collections of flip-flops create registers; arrays of registers form larger memories or pipeline stages.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify device type: bistable storage.Relate function: holds one binary digit reliably.Select descriptor: it is a “memory” element.

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbook block diagrams of CPUs and controllers label register banks (arrays of flip-flops) as storage blocks, confirming the memory role.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Chip” is a packaging/implementation term; many chips contain logic beyond flip-flops. “Bus” is an interconnect. “I/O” refers to interface functions, not intrinsic storage.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing latches with flip-flops; both store bits, but timing characteristics differ. Regardless, they are memory elements.

Final Answer:
memory.