Classification — Indian cities: choose the single city that does NOT belong to the same Indian state as the others.

Introduction / Context:
Geographic classification may cluster cities by state. Three listed cities are from the same state; one belongs to a different state.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ghaziabad → Uttar Pradesh.
• Varanasi → Uttar Pradesh.
• Gorakhpur → Uttar Pradesh.
• Bhagalpur → Bihar.

Concept / Approach:
Identify the state for each city and select the outlier state.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Map cities to states: A–C → Uttar Pradesh.2) D → Bihar.3) Therefore Bhagalpur is the only city not in Uttar Pradesh.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check well-known associations: Varanasi (UP), Gorakhpur (UP), Ghaziabad (NCR/UP), Bhagalpur (eastern Bihar, famous for silk).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They share the same state (UP) and thus belong to the majority group.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing Ghaziabad’s proximity to Delhi with being outside UP; it remains in Uttar Pradesh.

Final Answer:
Bhagalpur