Management control cycle: In the classic control process, the first two steps are to establish goals or standards, and then to measure actual performance. What is the name of this process?

Introduction / Context:
Management control is a cyclical process that ensures organizational activities align with intended goals. It is foundational in operations, finance, and quality management. The question highlights the opening steps of this cycle and asks for the correct term describing the overall process.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Step 1: Establish goals/standards.
• Step 2: Measure actual performance.
• Subsequent steps typically include comparison, analysis of variances, and corrective action.

Concept / Approach:
The control process follows a plan → do → check → act rhythm. After setting standards (plan), managers measure actuals (check), compare results with targets, and implement corrections (act). This is distinct from the broader MIS function, which supplies information; control is the managerial activity that uses that information to regulate performance.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard management texts define control as setting standards, measuring, comparing, and correcting; this matches the description given.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Expert/centers: not names of the managerial cycle.
• MIS: an information system, not the control process itself.
• None of the above: incorrect because “control” fits exactly.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the information supply (MIS) with the decision process (control). MIS informs; control acts.

Final Answer:
control