On eccentrically loaded columns, the equivalent axial load may be obtained by

• adding the axial load, eccentric load, the product of the bending moment due to eccentric load and the appropriate bending factor
• adding the axial load and eccentric load and subtracting the product of bending moment and appropriate bending factor
• dividing the sum of axial load and eccentric load by the product of the bending moment and appropirate bending factor
• none of these.