Tension member with rivet/bolt holes not in a single line: the governing strength of the net section depends on which geometric parameters?

Introduction / Context:
When holes do not lie on a single straight line, the critical rupture path can be zig-zag. Net-section strength must therefore consider both longitudinal and transverse spacing as well as hole sizes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Tension member with multiple fastener lines.
• Potential straight and zig-zag failure paths.
• Standard deductions for holes and stagger corrections.

Concept / Approach:
Net width is computed by deducting hole diameters along the path, but zig-zag paths allow a stagger correction that adds back an amount proportional to gauge^2 / pitch for diagonal segments. Hence pitch, gauge, and hole diameters all influence the least net area.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Check block shear if applicable; confirm that the chosen path indeed gives the smallest net area.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single parameter alone is insufficient; the interaction among pitch, gauge, and hole size governs the net section.

Common Pitfalls:
Using nominal hole size instead of standard hole diameter; forgetting stagger correction; ignoring minimum pitch/gauge requirements causing tear-out.

Final Answer:
All the above