Concrete curing: which of the following are benefits of curing concrete after placement?

Introduction / Context:
Curing is the process of maintaining suitable moisture and temperature in concrete after it is placed. Proper curing is critical for hydration and achieving design strength and durability.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Concrete placed and compacted properly.
• Curing carried out by ponding, sprinkling, membranes, or curing compounds.

Concept / Approach:
Curing reduces shrinkage by slowing evaporation, ensures full hydration, and maintains temperature. This preserves long-term properties and prevents cracks due to plastic shrinkage.

Step-by-Step Solution:
(a) Shrinkage reduction: by controlling evaporation.(b) Preserves properties: ensures full hydration and strength development.(c) Prevents water loss: protects surface and internal hydration.Therefore, all of the above are correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Codes (IS 456, ACI 308) highlight curing benefits including strength, durability, shrinkage reduction.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each listed benefit is correct; excluding any would understate curing's role.

Common Pitfalls:

• Assuming curing is only for surface; hydration continues deep inside concrete.

Final Answer:
all of the above