Concrete curing duration: curing a concrete structure for a longer period generally ensures better performance in terms of which of the following properties?

Introduction / Context:
Curing duration has a direct impact on the properties of hardened concrete. Prolonged curing allows more hydration and microstructural development, resulting in higher quality material.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Curing carried out properly with adequate moisture retention.
• Durations longer than the minimum (7–14 days) considered.

Concept / Approach:
Longer curing results in increased compressive strength, improved water tightness, higher durability, reduced shrinkage, and improved volume stability. Thus, curing impacts nearly every key performance parameter of concrete.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Extended curing → better hydration.Better hydration → denser microstructure.Denser microstructure → higher strength, durability, impermeability, stability.

Verification / Alternative check:
Research and codes confirm that 28 days of curing provides superior properties compared to minimum 7 days.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each single property is correct, but limiting to one ignores others; all apply.

Common Pitfalls:

• Stopping curing after 3–5 days; this leads to low strength and cracks.

Final Answer:
all the above