Concrete composition: concrete is primarily composed of which of the following materials?

Introduction / Context:
Concrete is the most widely used construction material. Its composition determines strength, durability, and workability. The main ingredients are cement, water, and aggregates, with admixtures added to modify properties.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Cement: binder that hydrates and hardens.
• Aggregates: fine and coarse, make up 70–80% of volume.
• Water: activates cement hydration.
• Admixtures: optional, enhance workability, durability, or special properties.

Concept / Approach:
Cement + water form paste, coating and binding aggregates. Aggregates provide volume stability and strength. Admixtures, though small in volume, are crucial for controlling workability, curing, or long-term performance.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify key ingredients: cement, water, aggregates.Add optional modifiers: admixtures.Combine all → all the above.

Verification / Alternative check:
Any textbook definition of concrete mentions all these as components.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Each single choice ignores other equally critical components.

Common Pitfalls:

• Thinking only cement and water matter; aggregates are crucial to performance.

Final Answer:
all the above