Advanced Surveying Questions

• Circumpolar star at elongation: If δ is the star’s declination and φ is the observer’s latitude, which relation gives the azimuth (Z) of the star at its greatest elongation?
• Meridian altitude of a circumpolar star: At which position does a circumpolar star attain its maximum altitude as seen by an observer?
• Definition check: The altitude of a celestial body is its angular distance measured along the vertical circle through the body, above which fundamental plane?
• Aerial coverage comparison: For a given flying height and camera, which type of aerial photograph gives the least ground coverage per exposure?
• Circumpolar star at elongation: If δ is the declination and φ is the observer’s latitude, the hour angle (H) of the star at elongation satisfies which relation?
• Right spherical triangle ABC (C = 90°): Which identity is correct for sin b expressed in terms of a and A?
• Photogrammetric rotations: Rotation of the camera at exposure about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the line of flight is called what?
• Solar coordinates at solstices: On which date does the Sun have declination δ ≈ 23°27′ S and right ascension ≈ 270°?
• Apparent motion of Polaris: At its upper culmination (highest meridian transit), the Pole Star appears to move instantaneously in which direction?
• Photogrammetry — Slotted template method overview for aerial triangulation Which of the following statements correctly describe the slotted template method used in planimetric plotting and radial triangulation over large mapping blocks?
• Time systems in field astronomy — converting Local Mean Time (L.M.T.) to Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) Which relation gives G.M.T. corresponding to a given Local Mean Time for an observer at a specified east or west longitude (expressed in time)?
• Apparent motion of Polaris — direction at lower culmination on the meridian When the Pole Star (Polaris) is at lower culmination (crossing the meridian below the pole), its instantaneous apparent motion on the celestial sphere is predominantly in which direction?
• Departure along a parallel — distance between widely separated longitudes at high latitude Two places at latitude 60° N have longitudes 93° E and 97° W. What is their departure (distance along that parallel) expressed in nautical miles?
• Stereoscopic measuring tools — what does a parallax bar directly read? In aerial photogrammetry with a mirror stereoscope, the parallax bar is used to determine which quantity directly from a stereo pair?
• Angular scale on the Moon — distance corresponding to 1° of latitude If two points on Earth that differ by 1° of latitude are about 110 km apart, what is the approximate linear distance for 1° of latitude between two astronomical positions on the Moon?
• Longitude system — allowable range of values from the prime meridian From the prime meridian (0°), longitudes are conventionally measured within which range?
• Aerial coverage — which camera attitude gives the greatest ground area in a single photograph? To maximize ground area covered by one exposure (single frame), which photographic type is used?
• Camera geometry — name for the distance from the projection centre to the photograph In a frame camera, the straight-line distance measured from the perspective (projection) centre to the image (photograph) plane along the principal axis is called:
• Astronomical surveying — altitude at lower culmination when a star passes the zenith A star has declination δ = 60° N. It culminates at the zenith for an observer (i.e., the upper transit is directly overhead). For the same observer, what is the altitude of the star at its lower culmination on the meridian?
• Ecliptic–equator crossing — motion of the Sun at the First Point of Aries (vernal equinox) At the First Point of Aries (the vernal equinox), in which sense does the Sun move relative to the celestial equator?