Business Intelligence (BI) reporting analyses can be executed using what query capabilities in relational databases? Select the single best answer.

Introduction / Context:
BI reporting transforms raw data into meaningful summaries and dashboards. Many required aggregations—totals, averages, groupings—are achievable with ANSI SQL. More advanced multi-dimensional summaries are often simplified by SQL extensions (e.g., GROUPING SETS, CUBE, ROLLUP).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Relational data warehouse or data mart.
• Need to produce standard and multi-level aggregations.
• Tooling may range from plain SQL editors to OLAP-aware engines.

Concept / Approach:

Standard SQL provides SELECT, GROUP BY, HAVING, and window functions for many reports. Extensions such as CUBE/ROLLUP/GROUPING SETS enable multi-hierarchy totals in a single query, reducing query proliferation and simplifying pivot-like outputs directly from the database.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Examine typical BI SQL: a base GROUP BY for detail, plus ROLLUP for totals or CUBE for all combinations—both coexist in production systems.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Standard only: ignores powerful extensions. Extensions only: basic reports do not require them. OLAP only: BI reporting is broader than OLAP and often SQL-driven.

Common Pitfalls:

Duplicating queries for each subtotal instead of using GROUPING SETS; overlooking window functions for running totals, ranks, and percent-of-total calculations.

Final Answer:

both standard SQL and extensions to SQL