Statement: Should all management institutes in the country be brought under government control? Arguments: I. No. The government lacks adequate resources to run all such institutes effectively. II. No. Each institute should have freedom to function autonomously. III. Yes. This will standardize education across all students. IV. Yes. Only then will the quality of education improve. Choose the option that best identifies the strong argument(s).

Introduction / Context:
Governance of higher education balances autonomy, accountability, and resource capability. Universal government control is a sweeping measure.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Government capacity constraints (funding, staffing) are real.
• Autonomy supports innovation, industry linkage, and responsive curricula.

Concept / Approach:
Strong reasons against blanket control emphasize feasibility and academic freedom; strong reasons for control must show necessity.

Step-by-Step Solution:
I: Points to resource inadequacy; running all institutes centrally may dilute effectiveness. Strong.II: Argues for academic freedom that typically correlates with program quality and responsiveness. Strong.III: Standardization can be achieved via accreditation and outcome benchmarks without taking over control; not necessary. Weak.IV: Quality improvement does not require ownership; accreditation, audits, and incentives suffice. Weak.

Verification / Alternative check:
Most systems use accreditation frameworks, not blanket control, to ensure quality.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Options including III/IV overstate the need for control; “None” ignores I and II.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating standardization with governmental ownership.

Final Answer:
I and II are strong