Border Roads Organisation (BRO) for construction and maintenance of roads in hilly and border regions of India was established in which year?

Introduction / Context:
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is pivotal to strategic connectivity, especially across Himalayan terrain and other border states. Knowing its formation year helps contextualize the timeline of India’s post-independence infrastructure expansion and the institutional framework behind high-altitude road building.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Question asks the establishment year of BRO.
• Focus is on the formal inception date of the organisation.

Concept / Approach:
The BRO was formed to plan, execute, and maintain road networks in border areas to ensure logistics, defense mobility, and socioeconomic development. Its creation predates several major geopolitical events and enabled systematic, centrally coordinated works in difficult terrains.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall institutional history of BRO: inception around the beginning of the 1960s. Differentiate between organisational formation and later flagship projects initiated in the early 1960s. Select the established year: 1960.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical summaries consistently cite 1960 as the founding year, followed by rapid scaling of projects across Himalayan corridors and the North-East during the early 1960s.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 1947/1954/1958: Pre-date the decision to create a dedicated border roads agency.
• 1962: Reflects a period of intensified activity, but not the initial establishment date.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing the organisation’s formation year with the commencement year of specific projects.

Final Answer:
1960.