Arrange standard parts of a book in the order they are typically encountered by a reader: 1) Chapter(s), 2) Index, 3) Bibliography/References, 4) Introduction, 5) Preface.

Introduction / Context:
Book structure follows conventions: front matter appears before main content; back matter follows chapters. Recognizing these conventions enables a consistent logical order. While styles vary, the widely taught sequence is Preface → Introduction → Chapters → Bibliography → Index.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Sections: Preface (5), Introduction (4), Chapters (1), Bibliography (3), Index (2).
• We follow a standard academic/nonfiction template.

Concept / Approach:
Front matter: Preface situates authorship and purpose; Introduction frames scope and approach for readers. Main matter: Chapters contain core content. Back matter: Bibliography lists sources; Index helps locate terms after reading. Hence the logical encountered order aligns with reading workflow.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Front matter: Preface (5), then Introduction (4).Main matter: Chapter(s) (1).Back matter: Bibliography (3) then Index (2).Therefore: 5, 4, 1, 3, 2.

Verification / Alternative check:
Some books place acknowledgements or forewords differently, but the core front–main–back pattern above remains standard for reasoning problems.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Putting Index before Chapters contradicts usage; the index aids after reading.
• Placing Bibliography before main chapters is atypical.
• Starting with Introduction or Chapters before Preface ignores common front matter order.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “Preface” with “Introduction.” The preface speaks from the author’s perspective; the introduction frames the content for readers.

Final Answer:
5, 4, 1, 3, 2