Analogies — select the pair with the same relationship as: BINDING : BOOK

Introduction / Context:
This classic analogy asks you to find the pair that stands in the same relation as 'binding : book'. A binding is a component or encasing element associated with a book; it is part of how a book is held together and presented. We seek a parallel part-to-object or encasing-to-item relationship among the options.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Stimulus pair: binding : book (component/accessory associated with a specific object).
• Answer options are diverse relation types (member-group, tool-object, role-role, etc.).
• Exactly one option should mirror the same functional association.

Concept / Approach:
Identify the semantic relation precisely: a binding holds together or surrounds pages; it is affixed to the book as an integral encasement/structural accessory. An analogous relation would be something that surrounds or holds an object for presentation or protection, like a frame around a picture. Other relations (criminal to gang, display to museum, nail to hammer, artist to carpenter) represent different logics (member→group, action→location, object→tool, profession→profession) and are therefore non-parallel.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Try substituting definitions: A binding encloses and supports a book's pages; a frame encloses and supports a picture. Both share the surround-and-support role. No other option matches this surround/encase function.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• criminal : gang → member to group relationship; not part-to-object.
• display : museum → action to location; mismatched roles.
• artist : carpenter → two professions; no containment/part relation.
• nail : hammer → fastener and tool; tool-uses-object relation, not encasement of a specific artifact.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing any adjacency (tool-object, place-activity) for part-whole or encasement relations. The key is the 'surrounds/supports' parallel.

Final Answer:
frame : picture