Statement & Argument — Should commercial vehicles older than 10 years be banned on the road? Arguments: I. Yes; older commercial vehicles typically pollute more and should be retired. II. No; such a ban would cause major financial losses to owners.

Introduction / Context:Transport policy weighs public health against private costs. Strong arguments align with societal externalities (pollution, health burden), especially where cleaner alternatives exist.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Older fleets generally have higher emissions.
• Public health costs from pollution are substantial.

Concept / Approach:Argument I appeals to environmental externalities—a core regulatory objective—making it strong. Argument II focuses on private loss, which can be mitigated by phased timelines or incentives and does not override the public interest; thus, as stated, weak.

Step-by-Step Solution:I: Public health relevance—strong.II: Private hardship without policy solution—weak.

Final Answer:Only Argument I is strong.