Statement & Argument — Should reservation of seats for ladies in buses and trains be lifted immediately? Arguments: I. No; women are physiologically more vulnerable in transit and need reserved space for safety and comfort. II. Yes; reservations explicitly reveal sex bias and should be removed.

Introduction / Context:This question asks about immediately removing reserved seats for women. Strong arguments must address passenger safety, equity, and operational realities. A “Yes”/“No” is assessed for whether the reason offered is substantial and policy-relevant.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Public transport can involve crowding and harassment risks for women.
• Reservations are a practical mechanism to improve access, safety, and comfort.
• The stem specifies immediate lifting, with no transitional safeguards.

Concept / Approach:Argument I is strong because it grounds the policy in safety and dignity—central aims of public transport policy. Argument II focuses on symbolism (“sex bias”) rather than outcomes; it fails to show that removing reservations would maintain or improve safety and access.

Step-by-Step Solution:Evaluate I: Addresses concrete risks and the protective function of reserved seats—strong.Evaluate II: Normative claim about bias without operational alternative—weak.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Either” or “Both” would incorrectly validate II. “Only II” ignores safety outcomes.

Common Pitfalls:Prioritizing abstract parity over lived safety concerns.

Final Answer:Only Argument I is strong.